Why Nix?
If you’ve opened this PDF, you already have your own motivation for learning Nix. Here’s how it helps me. As a researcher, I tend to work on a series of short-term projects, mostly demos and prototypes. For each one, I typically develop some software using a compiler, often with some open source libraries. Often I use other tools to analyse data or generate documentation, for example.
Learn alongside me - The nix programming language can be a little intimidating, do what I do and you'll know it too!
Datalog is a logic programming language and a subset of the earlier Prolog1. The language is interesting as it can be used as a data query language akin to SQL with some important additional capabilities such as recursive queries. It is also expressive enough to allow for its use as an entailment mechanism for ontology languages such as the Web Ontology Language (OWL)2 and the Semantic Web.
The specific language that may be represented by the DATALOG-TEXT grammar includes typed attributes and functional dependencies for relations, negated and arithmetic literals, disjunction in rule heads, and constraint rules. With the exception of required support for typed attributes the other language features are opt-in using pragmas.
Datalog is a declarative logic programming language that is a syntactic subset of Prolog. While SQL is designed for querying and manipulating tabular databases, Datalog excels at querying graphs, performing deductive inference, and executing complex recursive algorithms.
A Datalog program consists of two main parts:
- EDB (Extensional Database): The raw data or "facts". Similar to rows in a SQL table.
- IDB (Intensional Database): The logical "rules". Similar to SQL Views, but they can be highly recursive and call each other dynamically.
The Cangjie programming language is a new-generation programming language oriented to full-scenario intelligence. It features native intelligence, being naturally suitable for all scenarios, high performance and strong security. It is mainly applied in scenarios such as native applications and service applications of HarmonyOS NEXT, providing developers with a good programming experience.
DF is a directed, labeled graph data format for representing information in the Web. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL query language for RDF. SPARQL can be used to express queries across diverse data sources, whether the data is stored natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware. SPARQL contains capabilities for querying required and optional graph patterns along with their conjunctions and disjunctions. SPARQL also supports aggregation, subqueries, negation, creating values by expressions, extensible value testing, and constraining queries by source RDF graph. The results of SPARQL queries can be result sets or RDF graphs.
Leiningen is the easiest way to use Clojure. With a focus on project automation and declarative configuration, it gets out of your way and lets you focus on your code.
Install Leiningen with your package manager; for example sudo apt install leiningen
Clojure is a robust, practical, and fast programming language with a set of useful features that together form a simple, coherent, and powerful tool.
The Nix language is designed for conveniently creating and composing derivations – precise descriptions of how contents of existing files are used to derive new files. It is a domain-specific, purely functional, lazily evaluated, dynamically typed programming language.
You may quickly encounter Nix language expressions that look very complicated. As with any programming language, the required amount of Nix language code closely matches the complexity of the problem it is supposed to solve, and reflects how well the problem – and its solution – is understood. Building software is a complex undertaking, and Nix both exposes and allows managing this complexity with the Nix language.
Yet, the Nix language itself has only few basic concepts that will be introduced in this tutorial, and which can be combined arbitrarily. What may look complicated comes not from the language, but from how it is used.
Overview
This is an introduction to reading the Nix language, for the purpose of following other tutorials and examples.
Using the Nix language in practice entails multiple things:
- Language: syntax and semantics
- Libraries: builtins and pkgs.lib
- Developer tools: testing, debugging, linting, formatting, …
- Generic build mechanisms: stdenv.mkDerivation, trivial builders, …
- Composition and configuration mechanisms: override, overrideAttrs, overlays, callPackage, …
- Ecosystem-specific packaging mechanisms: buildGoModule, buildPythonApplication, …
- NixOS module system: config, option, …
This tutorial only covers the most important language features, briefly discusses libraries, and at the end will direct you to reference material and resources on the other components.
AsciiDoc is a lightweight and semantic markup language primarily designed for writing technical documentation. The language can be used to produce a variety of presentation-rich output formats, all from content encoded in a concise, human-readable, plain text format.
The AsciiDoc syntax is intuitive because it builds on well-established, plain text conventions for marking up and structuring text. Someone unfamiliar with AsciiDoc can probably guess the purpose of many of its syntax elements just by looking at them. That’s because the elements of the syntax were carefully chosen to look like what they mean (a practice long employed by the tech industry).
The AsciiDoc language isn’t coupled to the output format it produces. An AsciiDoc processor can parse and comprehend an AsciiDoc source document and convert the parsed document structure into one or more output formats, such as HTML, PDF, EPUB3, man(ual) page, or DocBook. The ability to produce multiple output formats is one of the main advantages of AsciiDoc. This capability enables it to be used in static site generators, IDEs, git tools and services, CI/CD systems, and other software.
AsciiDoc bridges the gap between ease of writing and the rigorous requirements of technical authoring and publishing. AsciiDoc only requires a text editor to read or write, thereby offering a low bar to getting started.
TypeScript is JavaScript with syntax for types.
TypeScript is a strongly typed programming language that builds on JavaScript, giving you better tooling at any scale.
This is a ported version of the Nix Pills, a series of blog posts written by Luca Bruno (aka Lethalman) and originally published in 2014 and 2015. It provides a tutorial introduction into the Nix package manager and Nixpkgs package collection, in the form of short chapters called ‘pills’.
Since the Nix Pills are considered a classic introduction to Nix, an effort to port them to the current format was led by Graham Christensen (aka grahamc / gchristensen) and other contributors in 2017.
For an up-to-date version, please visit https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/. An EPUB version is also available.
This document describes a language for filtering email messages at time of final delivery. It is designed to be implementable on either a mail client or mail server. It is meant to be extensible, simple, and independent of access protocol, mail architecture, and operating system. It is suitable for running on a mail server where users may not be allowed to execute arbitrary programs, such as on black box Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) servers, as the base language has no variables, loops, or ability to shell out to external programs.
Overview of PlantUML diagram language specification
AsciiDoc is a plain text markup language for writing technical content. It’s packed with semantic elements and equipped with features to modularize and reuse content. AsciiDoc content can be composed using a text editor, managed in a version control system, and published to multiple output formats.
Detect non-inclusive language in your source code.
%YAML 1.2
YAML: YAML Ain't Markup Language™
YAML Resources:
YAML Specifications:
- YAML 1.2:
- Revision 1.2.2 # Oct 1, 2021 New
- Revision 1.2.1 # Oct 1, 2009
- Revision 1.2.0 # Jul 21, 2009
- YAML 1.1
- YAML 1.0
Async Language Server Protocol plugin for vim8 and neovim.
ALE makes use of NeoVim and Vim 8 job control functions and timers to run linters on the contents of text buffers and return errors as text is changed in Vim. This allows for displaying warnings and errors in files being edited in Vim before files have been saved back to a filesystem.
In other words, this plugin allows you to lint while you type.
ALE offers support for fixing code with command line tools in a non-blocking manner with the :ALEFix feature, supporting tools in many languages, like prettier, eslint, autopep8, and more.
ALE acts as a "language client" to support a variety of Language Server Protocol features, including:
- Diagnostics (via Language Server Protocol linters)
- Go To Definition (:ALEGoToDefinition)
- Completion (Built in completion support, or with Deoplete)
- Finding references (:ALEFindReferences)
- Hover information (:ALEHover)
- Symbol search (:ALESymbolSearch)
If you don't care about Language Server Protocol, ALE won't load any of the code for working with it unless needed. One of ALE's general missions is that you won't pay for the features that you don't use.
Help Wanted: If you would like to help maintain this plugin by managing the many issues and pull requests that are submitted, please send the author an email at dev@w0rp.com.
If you enjoy this plugin, feel free to contribute or check out the author's other content at w0rp.com.
Pyright is a fast type checker meant for large Python source bases. It can run in a “watch” mode and performs fast incremental updates when files are modified.
